Impacto Ecológico del Petróleo
Plataforma Petrolera en el Mar del Norte
El petróleo, también llamado aceite de piera, es una mezcla compleja no homogémea de hidrocarburos (compuestos de hidrógeno y carbono. Tiene diversos colores, densidades, gravedades, viscosidades, capacidades calóricas, entre otras, las cuales dependen de las proporciones de los hidrocarburos. Este recurso natural es no renovable, y hoy día la principal fuente de energía en los países desarrollados. El petróleo líquido puede estar asociado a capas de gas natural, en yacimientos que están enterrados desde hace millones de años, cubiertos por las partes superiores de la corteza terrestre.
La combustión de los derivados del petróleo produce residuos tales como partículas, CO2 (dióxido de carbono), SOx (óxido de azufre), NOx (óxido nitroso), entre otros. Los derrames causan muchos daños, especialmente en el ambiente marino.
Voluntarios Limpiando una Catástrofe Petrolera
Sin embargo, hay sustancias alternativas para los combustibles, tales como el biodiésel. Este es un aceite que tiene características similares al diesel, pero se extrae principalmente de semillas oleaginosas de varios tipos de plantas. Otro ejemplo es el bioetanol, que es un alcohol hecho a partir de restos vegetales. Estos restos se usan mezclándolos con otros combustibles o para hacer éteres, que son elementos importantes para fabricar los combustibles que no tienen un impacto tan dañino en el medio ambiente.
De todas formas, el petróleo es una manera económico y relativamente fácil de proveer energía que todos usan día a día. Sin esta, la mayor parte de la tecnología sería prácticamente inservible. Empresas como Esso Mobil proveen de este elemento necesario para el ser humano y su uso de objetos que usan energía basada en el petróleo. Por lo tanto, además de que erradicar el petróleo causaría problemas por la gran falta de empleos que se generarían, la humanidad tendría que buscar una energía de un costo similar para poder tener los lujos de la tecnología.
De todas formas, el petróleo es una manera económico y relativamente fácil de proveer energía que todos usan día a día. Sin esta, la mayor parte de la tecnología sería prácticamente inservible. Empresas como Esso Mobil proveen de este elemento necesario para el ser humano y su uso de objetos que usan energía basada en el petróleo. Por lo tanto, además de que erradicar el petróleo causaría problemas por la gran falta de empleos que se generarían, la humanidad tendría que buscar una energía de un costo similar para poder tener los lujos de la tecnología.
Los invitamos a opinar sobre este tema, pues vemos que afecta la ecológia y el medio ambiente, pero a la vez es realmente esencial para el desarrollo de las actividades del ser humano.
Búsqueda de Petróleo
Escrito por: Nicolás Peña
Imágenes por: Nicolás Peña
19 comentarios:
Hola, soy Paula Hurtado cordinadora de comunicaciones de OpEPA, nos encanta su Blog y agradecemos mucho que nos tengan en sus vínculos. Quisieramos que el Colegio se vinculara al concurso de Pintura En Acción Contra EL Cambio Climático, los cordinadores de arte del colegio ya recibieron la carta y estamos esperando que el colegio se inscriba, si tienen preguntas pueden escribirnos al correo tierra@opepa.org
DEBEN COLOCAR MAS INFORMACION ACERCA DE PETROLEO
Hola, enhorabuena por su blog. El tema del impacto ecológico del hombre es muy importante. Aquí les dejo un vídeo de cómo influye el hombre en el medio ambiente:
El impacto ambiental de la actividad económica de las empresas
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